Ukufaka i-insulating isakhiwo kungenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokunethezeka okuphelele. Uma sikhuluma ngezinto zokufakelwa, amabhodi okufakwa kwe-PU avame ukuvela ezingxoxweni. Kodwa liyini ngempela ibhodi lokufakwa kwe-PU, futhi kungani liye lazuza ukuthandwa kangaka emhlabeni wokwakha? Njengomuntu ofunde ukufakwa kwe-insulation kakhulu, ngizohlukanisa ukuthi yini eyenza amabhodi e-PU ahluke, ukusetshenziswa kwawo, nokuthi kungani engaba yisinqumo esifanele sephrojekthi yakho elandelayo.
I-PU imele i-Polyurethane, i-polymer eguquguqukayo futhi eqinile. Esimweni sokugquma, amabhodi okufakwa kwe-PU enziwe ngegwebu eliqinile le-polyurethane, into eyaziwa kabanzi ngezakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu zokufakwa kwe-thermal. Inqubo yokudala igwebu le-polyurethane ihilela ukusabela kwama-polyols nama-disocyanate, okuholela entweni engasindi futhi esebenza kahle kakhulu ekumelaneni nokudluliselwa kokushisa.
Esinye sezici ezichazayo zamabhodi wokufaka ama-PU yinani lawo eliphakeme le-R, okuyisilinganiso sokumelana nokushisa. Uma liphakeme inani le-R, kuba ngcono okokusebenza ekuvimbeleni ukudluliswa kokushisa. Ukufakwa kwe-PU kunenani eliphakeme kakhulu lika-R phakathi kwezinto ezijwayelekile zokufakwa ngaphakathi, okusho ukuthi kunikeza ukwahlukanisa okuphakeme ngenkathi kusetshenziswa ungqimba oluncane oluncane. Lokhu kusebenza kahle kwe-insulation kuyisizathu esibalulekile esenza amabhodi e-PU adume kuwo womabili amaphrojekthi wokwakha wezindawo zokuhlala nezohwebo.
Njengoba ngishilo ekuqaleni, amabhodi okufakwa kwe-PU aziwa ngokuphikiswa kwawo okuhle kakhulu kokushisa. Lesi sici sizenza zilungele izimo zezulu lapho ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kubalulekile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubheke ukugcina ukushisa kungavali ngesikhathi sasehlobo noma ugcine ukufudumala ebusika, ukufakwa kwe-PU kungasiza ukugcina izinga lokushisa langaphakathi elizinzile.
Naphezu kwezakhiwo zayo eziqinile zokuvikela, i-polyurethane foam ilula ngokumangalisayo. Lesi sici senza amabhodi okufakwa kwe-PU kube lula ukuphatha nokuwafaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imvelo yabo engasindi ayithinti ubuqotho babo besakhiwo, okusho ukuthi bangasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene zokwakha ngaphandle kokwengeza isisindo esingadingekile esakhiweni.
Enye yezinto ezikhathazayo ngezinto eziningi zokufakwa kwe-insulation ukuthi zisengozini yomswakama. Kodwa-ke, amabhodi okufakwa kwe-PU ngokwemvelo amelana namanzi, anciphisa ubungozi bokukhunta nokukhula. Ukwengeza, amabhodi e-PU angakwazi ukumelana nezimo zezulu ezihlukahlukene, okuwenza abe yisinqumo esithembekile sezinhlelo zokusebenza zangaphandle, njengokufulela noma ukufakwa odongeni.
Ukuphepha kungokunye okucatshangelwayo okubalulekile ezintweni zokwakha, futhi amabhodi okufakwa kwe-PU awaphoxi kulokhu. Amabhodi amaningi e-PU aphathwa ngamakhemikhali avimbela umlilo, aqinisekise ukuthi ahlangabezana namakhodi wokwakha kanye nezindinganiso zokuphepha. Lesi sici sengeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela, ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni lapho ukuphepha emlilweni kubaluleke kakhulu.
Amabhodi okufakelwa kwe-PU avame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezindawo zokuhlala nezokuhweba. Angafakwa ezindongeni, ophahleni, naphansi ukuze anikeze ukugqumisa okuphumelelayo esakhiweni sonke. Ngaphezu kwezinzuzo zabo ezishisayo, amabhodi e-PU nawo afaka isandla ekuvimbeleni umsindo, athuthukise ukunethezeka okuphelele kwendawo yasendlini.
Okunye ukusetshenziswa okubalulekile kwamabhodi okufakwa kwe-PU kusesiqandisini. Ngenxa yekhono lawo lokumelana nokudluliswa kokushisa, amabhodi e-PU avame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwamayunithi esiqandisini nezindawo zokugcina ezibandayo. Basiza ukugcina amazinga okushisa aphansi adingekayo kuyilapho benciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, okubalulekile kumabhizinisi athembele esiqandisini.
Ezilungiselelweni zezimboni, amabhodi okufakwa kwe-PU asetshenziselwa ukufaka amapayipi, amathangi, nezinye izinto zokusebenza. Ukumelana kwabo nokushisa kuqinisekisa ukuthi imishini isebenza kahle ngokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa. Lolu hlelo lokusebenza luzuzisa kakhulu ezimbonini lapho ukonga amandla kungahumushela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwezindleko.
Uma ucubungula noma iyiphi impahla yokwakha, umthelela wemvelo uyisici esibalulekile. I-polyurethane isuselwa emikhiqizweni esekwe ku-petroleum, ephakamisa ukukhathazeka ngokusimama kwayo. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukulinganisa lokhu kukhathazeka nokonga amandla okuhlinzekwa ngamabhodi okufakwa kwe-PU esikhathini sokuphila kwawo. Ngokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwamandla esakhiwo, amabhodi okufakwa kwe-PU anganciphisa ngokuphawulekayo i-carbon footprint yesakhiwo.
Olunye udaba okufanele lucatshangelwe ukuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha kwamabhodi okufakwa kwe-PU. Nakuba igwebu le-polyurethane lingasebenziseki kalula njengezinye izinto, kwenziwa imizamo yokuthuthukisa izindlela zokugaywa kabusha. Isibonelo, abanye abakhiqizi bahlola izindlela zokudiliza igwebu le-polyurethane libe izingxenye zalo eziyisisekelo ukuze ziphinde zisetshenziswe emikhiqizweni emisha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinqubo ezifanele zokulahla nezindlela zokugaywa kabusha zingasiza ekunciphiseni umthelela wemvelo wamabhodi wokufaka ama-PU ekupheleni komjikelezo wempilo yawo.
Uma ucabanga ukusebenzisa amabhodi okufakwa kwe-PU kuphrojekthi yakho, ungase uzibuze ukuthi uzifakele wena noma uqashe uchwepheshe. Ngenkathi amabhodi e-PU kulula ukuphatha ngenxa yemvelo yawo engasindi, ukufakwa okufanele kuyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwawo ngempumelelo. Uma unolwazi ngamaphrojekthi okuthuthukisa ikhaya le-DIY, ungase uthole ukufaka amabhodi e-PU kuyalawuleka. Kodwa-ke, ekufakweni okukhulu noma okuyinkimbinkimbi, ngokuvamile kungcono kakhulu ukuqasha uchwepheshe ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi umsebenzi wenziwe ngendlela efanele.
Amabhodi okufakwa kwe-PU angafakwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukahlukene ngokuya ngesicelo. Ngokuvamile zisikwa ngosayizi futhi zinamathiselwe esakhiweni sesakhiwo kusetshenziswa izinto zokunamathisela noma izibophelelo zemishini. Kwezinye izimo, angasetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa nezinye izinto zokuhlanganisa ukuze kuzuzwe amanani aphezulu we-R.
Sengiphetha, amabhodi okufakwa kwe-PU ayisinqumo esihle kakhulu kunoma ngubani ofuna okokusebenza okuphezulu, okuqinile, nokuguquguqukayo. Inhlanganisela yabo yokumelana nokushisa, ukumelana nomswakama, nokuphepha komlilo kubenza bafanelekele uhla olubanzi lwezicelo, kusukela ezindlini zokuhlala kuya kuzilungiselelo zezimboni. Njengoba ngihlole izakhiwo ezihlukene kanye nokusetshenziswa kokufakwa kwe-PU, kuyacaca ukuthi zinikeza kokubili izinzuzo zesikhathi esifushane nezesikhathi eside zokonga amandla nokunethezeka.
Yize kunokuthile okukhathazayo kwezemvelo okuhlobene nokukhiqizwa nokulahlwa kwe-polyurethane, ukonga amandla abakunikezayo esikhathini sokuphila kwabo kuvame ukudlula lezi zinkinga. Uma ufuna isixazululo esingabizi kakhulu nesithembekile, amabhodi okufakwa kwe-PU afanele ukucatshangelwa.
I-Polyurethane Foam Association - Iyini i-Polyurethane?
I-Insulation for Energy Efficiency - Umnyango Wezamandla wase-US
Ukuphepha Komlilo kanye ne-PU Insulation - NFPA
I-Environmental Impact of Polyurethane - Umeluleki Wokwakha Okuhlaza
I-polyurethane esiqandisini - I-Industrial Insulation Guide